8-K
0001308208false00013082082023-10-262023-10-26

 

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

 

FORM 8-K

 

CURRENT REPORT

Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported): October 26, 2023

 

 

Universal Logistics Holdings, Inc.

(Exact name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

 

 

Michigan

0-51142

38-3640097

(State or Other Jurisdiction
of Incorporation)

(Commission File Number)

(IRS Employer
Identification No.)

 

 

 

 

 

12755 E. Nine Mile Road

 

Warren, Michigan

 

48089

(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

 

(Zip Code)

 

Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code: 586 920-0100

 

 

(Former Name or Former Address, if Changed Since Last Report)

 

Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:

Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)
Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)
Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))
Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class

 

Trading
Symbol(s)

 


Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Stock, no par value

 

ULH

 

The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (§ 230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (§ 240.12b-2 of this chapter).

Emerging growth company

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.

 


Item 2.02 Results of Operations and Financial Condition.

On October 26, 2023, the Company issued a press release announcing its financial and operating results for the thirteen weeks and thirty-nine weeks ended September 30, 2023, a copy of which is furnished as Exhibit 99.1 to this Form 8-K.

Item 7.01 Regulation FD Disclosure.

On October 26, 2023, the Company issued a press release announcing that the Company’s board of directors declared a cash dividend of $0.105 per share of common stock. The dividend is payable on January 2, 2024 to shareholders of record on December 4, 2023. A copy of the press release is furnished as Exhibit 99.1 to this Form 8-K.

Item 9.01 Financial Statements and Exhibits.

(d) Exhibits.

99.1

Press Release dated October 26, 2023.

 

104

Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL)

 

 


SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.

 

 

 

UNIVERSAL LOGISTICS HOLDINGS, INC.

 

 

 

 

Date:

October 26, 2023

By:

/s/ Steven Fitzpatrick

 

 

 

Steven Fitzpatrick
Secretary

 


EX-99.1

 

Exhibit 99.1

https://cdn.kscope.io/da0d5afff37ad49e464fa6aae0c3361b-img73119764_0.jpg 

Universal Logistics Holdings Reports Third Quarter 2023 Financial Results; Declares Dividend

-
Third Quarter 2023 Operating Revenues: $421.3 million, 16.7% decrease
-
Third Quarter 2023 Operating Income: $36.8 million, 47.3% decrease
-
Third Quarter 2023 Earnings Per Share: $0.88 per share, 52.2% decrease
-
Declares Quarterly Dividend: $0.105 per share

Warren, MI – October 26, 2023 — Universal Logistics Holdings, Inc. (NASDAQ: ULH) today reported consolidated third quarter 2023 net income of $23.0 million, or $0.88 per basic and diluted share, on total operating revenues of $421.3 million. This compares to net income of $48.5 million, or $1.84 per basic and diluted share, during third quarter 2022 on total operating revenues of $505.7 million.

In the third quarter 2023, Universal’s operating income decreased $33.0 million to $36.8 million, compared to $69.8 million in the third quarter one year earlier. As a percentage of operating revenue, operating margin for the third quarter 2023 was 8.7%, compared to 13.8% during the same period last year. EBITDA, a non-GAAP measure, decreased $27.6 million during the third quarter 2023 to $56.7 million, compared to $84.4 million one year earlier. As a percentage of operating revenue, EBITDA margin for the third quarter 2023 was 13.5%, compared to 16.7% during the same period last year.

“Although our individual operating segments experienced varied results, Universal as a whole delivered a solid financial performance for the third quarter of 2023,” stated Universal’s CEO Tim Phillips. “In this extremely challenging freight environment, depressed volumes and low rates continue to exert downward pressure on the results of our intermodal and company-managed brokerage segments. And while our trucking segment experienced similar macro-level factors, the strong performance in our wind-energy business enhanced the overall financial results in this segment. The highlight of Universal’s third quarter was the recurring, strong performance in our contract logistics segment. Although we are acutely aware of the risks posed by on-going union labor disruptions, our contract logistics solutions continue to be in high demand by our OEM customers in automotive and other industries. We believe that Universal’s diversified service offerings continue to differentiate us in the market. We remain committed to delivering long-term value to our customers and to our shareholders, and we are extremely grateful for the thousands of Universal employees who get the job done.”

Segment Information:

Contract Logistics

-
Third Quarter 2023 Operating Revenues: $208.1 million, 0.7% decrease
-
Third Quarter 2023 Operating Income: $35.1 million, 16.9% operating margin

In the contract logistics segment, which includes our value-added and dedicated services, third quarter 2023 operating revenues decreased 0.7% to $208.1 million, compared to $209.5 million for the same period last year. At the end of the third quarter 2023, we managed 73 value-added programs compared to 63 at the end of the third quarter 2022. Included in contract logistics segment revenues were $9.1 million in separately identified fuel surcharges from dedicated transportation services, compared to $11.3 million during the same period last year. Third quarter 2023 income from operations decreased $0.3 million to $35.1 million, compared to $35.4 million during the same period last year. As a percentage of revenue, operating margin in the contract logistics segment was 16.9% for both the third quarters 2023 and 2022, the segment's highest operating margin on record.

 


 

Intermodal

-
Third Quarter 2023 Operating Revenues: $86.6 million, 43.9% decrease
-
Third Quarter 2023 Operating (Loss): $(4.3) million, (5.0)% operating margin

Operating revenues in the intermodal segment decreased 43.9% to $86.6 million in the third quarter 2023, compared to $154.4 million for the same period last year. Included in intermodal segment revenues for the recently completed quarter were $12.7 million in separately identified fuel surcharges, compared to $26.4 million during the same period last year. Intermodal segment revenues also include other accessorial charges such as detention, demurrage and storage, which totaled $9.9 million during the third quarter 2023, compared to $31.3 million one year earlier. The average operating revenue per load, excluding fuel surcharges, decreased 24.7% and load volumes fell an additional 11.8% on a year-over-year basis. In the third quarter 2023, the intermodal segment experienced an operating loss of $4.3 million compared to income from operations of $28.1 million during the same period last year. As a percentage of revenue, operating margin in the intermodal segment for the third quarter 2023 was (5.0)%, compared to 18.2% one year earlier.

Trucking

-
Third Quarter 2023 Operating Revenues: $97.1 million, 2.5% decrease
-
Third Quarter 2023 Operating Income: $6.6 million, 6.8% operating margin

In the trucking segment, third quarter 2023 operating revenues decreased 2.5% to $97.1 million, compared to $99.6 million for the same period last year. Third quarter 2023 trucking segment revenues included $28.8 million of brokerage services, compared to $43.1 million during the same period last year. Also included in our trucking segment revenues were $6.3 million in separately identified fuel surcharges during the third quarter 2023, compared to $9.1 million in fuel surcharges during the same period last year. On a year-over-year basis, the average operating revenue per load, excluding fuel surcharges, increased 13.3% while load volumes declined 13.1%. Income from operations in the third quarter 2023 increased $1.8 million to $6.6 million compared to $4.8 million during the same period last year. As a percentage of revenue, operating margin in the trucking segment for the third quarter 2023 was 6.8% compared to 4.8% during the same period last year.

Company-managed Brokerage

-
Third Quarter 2023 Operating Revenues: $28.1 million, 30.8% decrease
-
Third Quarter 2023 Operating (Loss): $(1.1) million, (3.8)% operating margin

Third quarter 2023 operating revenues in the company-managed brokerage segment decreased 30.8% to $28.1 million compared to $40.6 million for the same period last year. On a year-over-year basis, average operating revenue per load and load volumes in the company-managed brokerage segment decreased 11.1% and 12.3%, respectively. Third quarter 2023 operating losses in the company-managed brokerage segment were $(1.1) million which compares to $1.1 million of operating income during the same period last year. As a percentage of revenue, operating margin for the third quarter 2023 was (3.8)% compared to 2.7% during the same period last year.

Cash Dividend

Universal Logistics Holdings, Inc. also announced today that its Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.105 per share of common stock. The dividend is payable to shareholders of record at the close of business on December 4, 2023 and is expected to be paid on January 2, 2024.

Other Matters

As of September 30, 2023, Universal held cash and cash equivalents totaling $16.8 million, and $10.5 million in marketable securities. Outstanding debt at the end of the third quarter 2023 was $392.0 million, and capital expenditures totaled $112.3 million, including $80.0 million for the acquisition of a terminal in Compton, Los Angeles County, California.

Universal calculates and reports selected financial metrics not only for purposes of our lending arrangements but also in an effort to isolate and exclude the impact of non-operating expenses related to our corporate development activities. These statistics are described in more detail below in the section captioned “Non-GAAP Financial Measures.”

 


 

Conference call:

We invite investors and analysts to our quarterly earnings conference call.

 

Quarterly Earnings Conference Call Dial-in Details:

Time:

10:00 a.m. Eastern Time

Date:

Friday, October 27, 2023

Call Toll Free:

(877) 270-2148

International Dial-in:

+1 (412) 902-6510

A replay of the conference call will be available through November 3, 2023, by calling (877) 344-7529 (toll free) or +1 (412) 317-0088 (toll) and using encore replay code 2772793. The call will also be available on investors.universallogistics.com.

 

Source: Universal Logistics Holdings, Inc.

 

For Further Information:

Steven Fitzpatrick, Investor Relations

SFitzpatrick@UniversalLogistics.com

About Universal:

Universal Logistics Holdings, Inc. (“Universal”) is a holding company that owns subsidiaries engaged in providing a variety of customized transportation and logistics solutions throughout the United States, and in Mexico, Canada and Colombia. Our operating subsidiaries provide customers with supply chain solutions that can be scaled to meet their changing demands and volumes. Universal’s consolidated subsidiaries offer customers a broad array of services across the entire supply chain, including truckload, brokerage, intermodal, dedicated, and value-added services. In this press release, the terms “us,” “we,” “our,” or the “Company” refer to Universal and its consolidated subsidiaries.

Forward Looking Statements

Some of the statements contained in this press release might be considered forward-looking statements. These statements identify prospective information. Forward-looking statements can be identified by words such as: “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “plan,” “goal,” “prospect,” “seek,” “believe,” “targets,” “project,” “estimate,” “future,” “likely,” “may,” “should” and similar references to future periods. Forward-looking statements are based on information available at the time and/or management’s good faith belief with respect to future events and are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual performance or results to differ materially from those expressed in the statements. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from the expectations described. Additional information about the factors that may adversely affect these forward-looking statements is contained in Universal’s reports and filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Universal assumes no obligation to update forward-looking statements to reflect actual results, changes in assumptions or changes in other factors affecting forward-looking information except to the extent required by applicable securities laws.

 


 

UNIVERSAL LOGISTICS HOLDINGS, INC.

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income

(In thousands, except per share data)

 

 

 

Thirteen Weeks Ended

 

 

Thirty-nine Weeks Ended

 

 

 

September 30,
2023

 

 

October 1,
2022

 

 

September 30,
2023

 

 

October 1,
2022

 

Operating revenues:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Truckload services

 

$

69,598

 

 

$

58,107

 

 

$

167,858

 

 

$

176,651

 

Brokerage services

 

 

56,894

 

 

 

83,687

 

 

 

185,892

 

 

 

292,789

 

Intermodal services

 

 

86,630

 

 

 

154,391

 

 

 

289,241

 

 

 

468,869

 

Dedicated services

 

 

86,701

 

 

 

86,613

 

 

 

258,003

 

 

 

241,551

 

Value-added services

 

 

121,428

 

 

 

122,894

 

 

 

370,225

 

 

 

376,875

 

Total operating revenues

 

 

421,251

 

 

 

505,692

 

 

 

1,271,219

 

 

 

1,556,735

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Operating expenses:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Purchased transportation and equipment rent

 

 

147,470

 

 

 

208,870

 

 

 

443,434

 

 

 

668,216

 

Direct personnel and related benefits

 

 

134,866

 

 

 

127,125

 

 

 

412,004

 

 

 

389,966

 

Operating supplies and expenses

 

 

43,060

 

 

 

44,734

 

 

 

130,351

 

 

 

132,886

 

Commission expense

 

 

8,334

 

 

 

10,632

 

 

 

24,149

 

 

 

31,412

 

Occupancy expense

 

 

10,913

 

 

 

10,150

 

 

 

33,106

 

 

 

30,345

 

General and administrative

 

 

13,633

 

 

 

13,617

 

 

 

38,967

 

 

 

36,382

 

Insurance and claims

 

 

6,828

 

 

 

5,745

 

 

 

20,795

 

 

 

16,925

 

Depreciation and amortization

 

 

19,386

 

 

 

15,048

 

 

 

57,061

 

 

 

58,333

 

Total operating expenses

 

 

384,490

 

 

 

435,921

 

 

 

1,159,867

 

 

 

1,364,465

 

Income from operations

 

 

36,761

 

 

 

69,771

 

 

 

111,352

 

 

 

192,270

 

Interest expense, net

 

 

(6,495

)

 

 

(4,490

)

 

 

(16,590

)

 

 

(10,842

)

Other non-operating income (loss)

 

 

588

 

 

 

(454

)

 

 

885

 

 

 

(324

)

Income before income taxes

 

 

30,854

 

 

 

64,827

 

 

 

95,647

 

 

 

181,104

 

Provision for income taxes

 

 

7,807

 

 

 

16,347

 

 

 

24,159

 

 

 

45,917

 

Net income

 

$

23,047

 

 

$

48,480

 

 

$

71,488

 

 

$

135,187

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Earnings per common share:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Basic

 

$

0.88

 

 

$

1.84

 

 

$

2.72

 

 

$

5.10

 

Diluted

 

$

0.88

 

 

$

1.84

 

 

$

2.72

 

 

$

5.09

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Weighted average number of common shares outstanding:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Basic

 

 

26,286

 

 

 

26,278

 

 

 

26,284

 

 

 

26,533

 

Diluted

 

 

26,310

 

 

 

26,309

 

 

 

26,311

 

 

 

26,551

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Dividends declared per common share:

 

$

0.105

 

 

$

0.105

 

 

$

0.315

 

 

$

0.315

 

 

 


 

UNIVERSAL LOGISTICS HOLDINGS, INC.

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In thousands)

 

 

 

September 30,
2023

 

 

December 31,
2022

 

Assets

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents

 

$

16,811

 

 

$

47,181

 

Marketable securities

 

 

10,491

 

 

 

10,000

 

Accounts receivable - net

 

 

307,452

 

 

 

350,720

 

Other current assets

 

 

54,467

 

 

 

51,751

 

Total current assets

 

 

389,221

 

 

 

459,652

 

Property and equipment - net

 

 

533,951

 

 

 

391,154

 

Other long-term assets - net

 

 

336,104

 

 

 

352,872

 

Total assets

 

$

1,259,276

 

 

$

1,203,678

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Liabilities and shareholders' equity

 

 

 

 

 

 

Current liabilities, excluding current maturities of debt

 

$

217,094

 

 

$

221,598

 

Debt - net

 

 

387,209

 

 

 

378,500

 

Other long-term liabilities

 

 

144,818

 

 

 

156,650

 

Total liabilities

 

 

749,121

 

 

 

756,748

 

Total shareholders' equity

 

 

510,155

 

 

 

446,930

 

Total liabilities and shareholders' equity

 

$

1,259,276

 

 

$

1,203,678

 

 

 


 

UNIVERSAL LOGISTICS HOLDINGS, INC.

Unaudited Summary of Operating Data

 

 

 

Thirteen Weeks Ended

 

 

Thirty-nine Weeks Ended

 

 

 

September 30,
2023

 

 

October 1,
2022

 

 

September 30,
2023

 

 

October 1,
2022

 

Contract Logistics Segment:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Average number of value-added direct employees

 

 

5,439

 

 

 

4,968

 

 

 

5,501

 

 

 

5,064

 

Average number of value-added full-time equivalents

 

 

300

 

 

 

1,226

 

 

 

631

 

 

 

1,384

 

Number of active value-added programs

 

 

73

 

 

 

63

 

 

 

73

 

 

 

63

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Intermodal Segment:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Number of loads

 

 

119,792

 

 

 

135,800

 

 

 

355,016

 

 

 

435,923

 

Average operating revenue per load, excluding fuel surcharges

 

$

547

 

 

$

726

 

 

$

567

 

 

$

706

 

Average number of tractors

 

 

2,027

 

 

 

2,269

 

 

 

2,102

 

 

 

2,185

 

Number of depots

 

 

9

 

 

 

10

 

 

 

9

 

 

 

10

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Trucking Segment:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Number of loads

 

 

43,996

 

 

 

50,614

 

 

 

134,568

 

 

 

154,479

 

Average operating revenue per load, excluding fuel surcharges

 

$

2,033

 

 

$

1,794

 

 

$

1,759

 

 

$

1,799

 

Average number of tractors

 

 

879

 

 

 

896

 

 

 

893

 

 

 

899

 

Average length of haul

 

 

382

 

 

 

388

 

 

 

388

 

 

 

397

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Company-Managed Brokerage Segment:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Number of loads (a)

 

 

18,535

 

 

 

21,141

 

 

 

56,305

 

 

 

68,453

 

Average operating revenue per load (a)

 

$

1,475

 

 

$

1,659

 

 

$

1,593

 

 

$

1,960

 

Average length of haul (a)

 

 

601

 

 

 

608

 

 

 

621

 

 

 

593

 

(a) Excludes operating data from freight forwarding division in order to improve the relevance of the statistical data related to our brokerage services and improve the comparability to our peer companies.

 


 

UNIVERSAL LOGISTICS HOLDINGS, INC.

Unaudited Summary of Operating Data - Continued

(Dollars in thousands)

 

 

 

Thirteen Weeks Ended

 

 

Thirty-nine Weeks Ended

 

 

 

September 30,
2023

 

 

October 1,
2022

 

 

September 30,
2023

 

 

October 1,
2022

 

Operating Revenues by Segment:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Contract logistics

 

$

208,129

 

 

$

209,507

 

 

$

628,228

 

 

$

618,426

 

Intermodal

 

 

86,630

 

 

 

154,391

 

 

 

289,241

 

 

 

468,869

 

Trucking

 

 

97,085

 

 

 

99,619

 

 

 

258,043

 

 

 

303,649

 

Company-managed brokerage

 

 

28,102

 

 

 

40,615

 

 

 

91,652

 

 

 

160,940

 

Other

 

 

1,305

 

 

 

1,560

 

 

 

4,055

 

 

 

4,851

 

Total

 

$

421,251

 

 

$

505,692

 

 

$

1,271,219

 

 

$

1,556,735

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Income from Operations by Segment:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Contract logistics

 

$

35,103

 

 

$

35,400

 

 

$

95,673

 

 

$

88,300

 

Intermodal

 

 

(4,324

)

 

 

28,148

 

 

 

2,241

 

 

 

72,526

 

Trucking

 

 

6,558

 

 

 

4,791

 

 

 

14,770

 

 

 

21,821

 

Company-managed brokerage

 

 

(1,070

)

 

 

1,079

 

 

 

(2,230

)

 

 

9,097

 

Other

 

 

494

 

 

 

353

 

 

 

898

 

 

 

526

 

Total

 

$

36,761

 

 

$

69,771

 

 

$

111,352

 

 

$

192,270

 

 

 

 


 

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

In addition to providing consolidated financial statements based on generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (GAAP), we are providing additional financial measures that are not required by or prepared in accordance with GAAP (non-GAAP). We present EBITDA and EBITDA margin, each a non-GAAP measure, as supplemental measures of our performance. We define EBITDA as net income plus (i) interest expense, net, (ii) income taxes, (iii) depreciation, and (iv) amortization. We define EBITDA margin as EBITDA as a percentage of total operating revenues. You are encouraged to evaluate these adjustments and the reasons we consider them appropriate for supplemental analysis.

In accordance with the requirements of Regulation G issued by the Securities and Exchange Commission, we are presenting the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure and reconciling the non-GAAP financial measure to the comparable GAAP measure. Set forth below is a reconciliation of net income, the most comparable GAAP measure, to EBITDA for each of the periods indicated:

 

 

Thirteen Weeks Ended

 

 

Thirty-nine Weeks Ended

 

 

 

September 30,
2023

 

 

October 1,
2022

 

 

September 30,
2023

 

 

October 1,
2022

 

 

 

( in thousands)

 

 

( in thousands)

 

EBITDA

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net income

 

$

23,047

 

 

$

48,480

 

 

$

71,488

 

 

$

135,187

 

Income tax expense

 

 

7,807

 

 

 

16,347

 

 

 

24,159

 

 

 

45,917

 

Interest expense, net

 

 

6,495

 

 

 

4,490

 

 

 

16,590

 

 

 

10,842

 

Depreciation

 

 

16,208

 

 

 

11,498

 

 

 

47,521

 

 

 

47,658

 

Amortization

 

 

3,178

 

 

 

3,550

 

 

 

9,540

 

 

 

10,675

 

EBITDA

 

$

56,735

 

 

$

84,365

 

 

$

169,298

 

 

$

250,279

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

EBITDA margin (a)

 

 

13.5

%

 

 

16.7

%

 

 

13.3

%

 

 

16.1

%

(a) EBITDA margin is computed by dividing EBITDA by total operating revenues for each of the periods indicated.

We present EBITDA and EBITDA margin because we believe they assist investors and analysts in comparing our performance across reporting periods on a consistent basis by excluding items that we do not believe are indicative of our core operating performance.

EBITDA has limitations as an analytical tool. Some of these limitations are:

• EBITDA does not reflect our cash expenditures, or future requirements, for capital expenditures or contractual commitments;

• EBITDA does not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for, our working capital needs;

• EBITDA does not reflect the significant interest expense, or the cash requirements necessary to service interest or principal payments, on our debts;

• Although depreciation and amortization are non-cash charges, the assets being depreciated and amortized will often have to be replaced in the future, and EBITDA does not reflect any cash requirements for such replacements; and

• Other companies in our industry may calculate EBITDA differently than we do, limiting its usefulness as a comparative measure.

Because of these limitations, EBITDA and EBITDA margin should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for performance measures calculated in accordance with GAAP. We compensate for these limitations by relying primarily on our GAAP results and only supplementally on EBITDA and EBITDA margin.